Maminko, zima je proto, abysme mohli bruslit?<\/em><\/p>\n T\u00e1to, ud\u011blej l\u00e9to, abysme se u\u017e mohli j\u00edt koupat.<\/em><\/p>\n A kdy\u017e u\u017e nesn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, tak u\u017e je to jaro?<\/em><\/p>\n \n T\u011bchto n\u011bkolik autentick\u00fdch v\u00fdrok\u016f ilustruje, jak p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na sv\u011bt kolem sebe. V tomto v\u011bku je d\u00edt\u011b schopn\u00e9 vn\u00edmat okoln\u00ed sv\u011bt pouze ve vztahu k n\u011bmu sam\u00e9mu (prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad) a nedok\u00e1\u017ee posuzovat v\u011bci objektivn\u011b. D\u00edky tomu m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 tendenci pova\u017eovat sebe \u010di rodi\u010de za v\u0161emocn\u00e9 a v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed jevy a v\u011bci (ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edklad\u011b) za pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 na\u0161im touh\u00e1m a pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 schopn\u00e9 oprostit se od zjevn\u00fdch, by\u0165 ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch znak\u016f a vz\u00edt v \u00favahu znaky podstatn\u00e9, ale na prvn\u00ed pohled neviditeln\u00e9 (t\u0159et\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad \u2013 zima je proto\u017ee sn\u011b\u017e\u00ed). Velmi t\u011b\u017eko se tedy p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti vysv\u011btluje b\u011bh \u010dasu, kter\u00fd je nez\u00e1visl\u00fd na na\u0161\u00ed v\u016fli.<\/p>\n Co se t\u00fd\u010de orientace v \u010dase, hodin a st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed dn\u016f v t\u00fddnu, v tomto obdob\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159edstavu, co to znamen\u00e1. \u010cas mu ub\u00edh\u00e1 v z\u00e1vislosti na subjektivn\u00edm pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, je-li pono\u0159en\u00e9 do hry, b\u011b\u017e\u00ed velmi rychle a naopak p\u0159i \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed se nesnesiteln\u011b vle\u010de. Narozd\u00edl od dosp\u011bl\u00fdch tuto relativitu ale nen\u00ed schopn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit.<\/p>\n D\u00edt\u011b \u017eije p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed. Minulost ani budoucnost pro n\u011bj nem\u00e1 valn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Proto se tak \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee nen\u00ed schopn\u00e9 si vybavit, co d\u011blalo p\u0159edchoz\u00ed den nebo i tent\u00fd\u017e den dopoledne. Tak\u00e9 rychle ztr\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1jem, pokud se n\u011bkter\u00e1 obl\u00edben\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159esune do budoucnosti. \u201c<\/span>Babi\u010dka p\u0159ijede p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden<\/em>\u201d pro n\u011bj znamen\u00e1 v podstat\u011b tot\u00e9\u017e jako \u201c<\/span>Babi\u010dku te\u010f n\u011bjakou dobu neuvid\u00ed\u0161.<\/em>\u201d To, co bude v budoucnosti, jej moc nezaj\u00edm\u00e1, nevn\u00edm\u00e1 to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 re\u00e1ln\u011b a p\u0159\u00edtomnost je mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n \n Jak d\u00edt\u011b nen\u00e1siln\u011b p\u0159ipravit na fakt, \u017ee hodiny \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jeho \u017eivot?<\/strong><\/p>\n \n Nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravou na orientaci v \u010dase je st\u00e1l\u00fd rytmus, stereotyp, kter\u00fd se nau\u010d\u00ed pozn\u00e1vat a dodr\u017eovat. Nejprve je to rytmus denn\u00ed, tj. kdy se vst\u00e1v\u00e1 a jak\u00e9 \u010dinnosti n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed, pravideln\u00e9 j\u00eddlo a odpo\u010dinek po ob\u011bd\u011b, ve\u010der o\u010dista a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ve stejnou dobu. Postupn\u011b p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pozn\u00e1vat i t\u00fddenn\u00ed rytmus \u2013 v\u0161edn\u00ed dny, kdy se chod\u00ed do \u0161kolky, v\u00edkendy s rodi\u010di, pravideln\u00e9 aktivity (nap\u0159. plav\u00e1n\u00ed nebo cvi\u010den\u00ed). Pravidelnost mu pom\u016f\u017ee postupn\u011b si uv\u011bdomovat st\u00e1le del\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek, nejen p\u0159\u00edtomnost, ale i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed budoucnost a minulost.<\/p>\n M\u016f\u017eeme mu pomoci t\u00edm, \u017ee pot\u00e9, co jej nau\u010d\u00edme zn\u00e1t jednotliv\u00e9 dny v t\u00fddnu, budeme s n\u00edm prob\u00edrat, kter\u00fd je den a co jej \u010dek\u00e1. Pro d\u011bti v tomto v\u011bku je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kreslen\u00ed, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jim ke konkretizaci p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 abstraktn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. Kresbou dok\u00e1\u017ee vyj\u00e1d\u0159it to, co nedok\u00e1\u017ee verb\u00e1ln\u011b a obr\u00e1zky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed. Chceme-li, aby d\u00edt\u011b poznalo jednotliv\u00e9 dny v t\u00fddnu, m\u016f\u017eeme mu pomoci vytvo\u0159it improvizovan\u00fd t\u00fddenn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159, v n\u011bm\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd den bude m\u00edt svou vlastn\u00ed barvu a bude charakterizov\u00e1n<\/span> n\u011bjakou aktivitou nebo p\u0159edm\u011btem, kter\u00fd tam d\u00edt\u011b samo nakresl\u00ed.<\/p>\n \n Nap\u0159\u00edklad pond\u011bl\u00ed je modr\u00e9, proto\u017ee jezd\u00edme na plav\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00dater\u00fd je zelen\u00e9, proto\u017ee jsem u babi\u010dky a jej\u00ed dome\u010dek m\u00e1 velk\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 vrata. Ned\u011ble je \u017elut\u00e1, proto\u017ee tu m\u00e1m nejrad\u011bji (barvu i den), tat\u00ednek i maminka jsou doma a maj\u00ed na m\u011b nejv\u00edc \u010dasu.<\/em><\/p>\n \n K uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si del\u0161\u00edho \u010dasov\u00e9ho \u00faseku n\u00e1m nejl\u00e9pe poslou\u017e\u00ed st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Nad obr\u00e1zky a fotografiemi m\u016f\u017eeme d\u00edt\u011bti p\u0159ipomenout, jak ka\u017ed\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed vypad\u00e1 a s jak\u00fdmi aktivitami je spjato. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku mu to bude p\u0159ipadat nere\u00e1ln\u00e9, ale jak se zlep\u0161uje jeho pam\u011b\u0165, je schopno i na z\u00e1klad\u011b minul\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed odhadovat, co nastane v budoucnosti. Neocenitelnou pom\u016fckou k vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed del\u0161\u00edho \u010dasov\u00e9ho \u00faseku jsou tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdniny, sv\u00e1tky a p\u0159\u00edpravy na n\u011b.<\/p>\n \n Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s hodinami<\/strong><\/p>\n \n Skute\u010dnou znalost hodin m\u016f\u017eeme po\u017eadovat a\u017e po d\u00edteti po n\u00e1stupu do \u0161koly nejen kv\u016fli rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel, ale hlavn\u011b proto, \u017ee a\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u201cdoroste\u201d do pochopen\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce a bude schopno jej pou\u017e\u00edvat pro svou hrubou orientaci.<\/p>\n Nicm\u00e9n\u011b u\u017e v p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku se m\u016f\u017ee sezn\u00e1mit s cifern\u00edkem a ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee pozice ru\u010di\u010dek ovliv\u0148uje, co se bude d\u011blat. I bez znalosti \u010d\u00edsel pozn\u00e1, \u017ee \u201c<\/span>ob\u011b ru\u010di\u010dky \u00fapln\u011b naho\u0159e<\/em>\u201d znamenaj\u00ed ob\u011bd nebo je schopno za pomoci maminky ohl\u00eddat, \u017ee \u201c<\/span>velk\u00e1 ru\u010di\u010dka je u\u017e na t\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1rce<\/em>\u201d, aby se vyndal kol\u00e1\u010d z trouby.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n D\u016fle\u017eitost hodin bychom m\u011bli d\u00edt\u011bti \u010das od \u010dasu p\u0159ipomenout t\u0159eba uk\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011b\u017en\u00edch hodin ve m\u011bst\u011b nebo upozorn\u011bn\u00edm na kosteln\u00ed zvon v ur\u010ditou dobu.<\/p>\n Nejlep\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed k pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je potom spole\u010dn\u00e1 hra s pap\u00edrov\u00fdmi hodinami, kdy d\u00edt\u011b st\u00e1le p\u0159esouv\u00e1 ru\u010di\u010dky a t\u00e1\u017ee se, kolik je hodin. Nezklame ani kreslen\u00ed, skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed rozst\u0159\u00edhan\u00fdch hodin, nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed bud\u00edka nebo obl\u00edben\u00e1 hra \u201cHonzo vst\u00e1vej! Kolik je hodin?\u201d<\/p>\n \n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hodiny, dny, t\u00fddny nebo dokonce m\u011bs\u00edce a roky jsou term\u00edny abstraktn\u00ed a pro p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1ka nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se maj\u00ed st\u00e1t v budoucnosti. Chceme-li mu pomoci se v \u010dase zorientovat, m\u016f\u017eeme tak u\u010dinit pravideln\u00fdmi stereotypy v jeho \u017eivot\u011b a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm her a \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pro n\u011bho srozumiteln\u00e9 a bl\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/p>\n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-o-lidech","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions\/115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/galerie.lupi.cz\/albums\/album55\/small_dsc_8062.sized.jpg\")
<\/em><\/p>\n