{"id":38,"date":"2009-07-21T20:31:46","date_gmt":"2009-07-21T18:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/?p=38"},"modified":"2009-07-21T22:19:24","modified_gmt":"2009-07-21T20:19:24","slug":"proc-vzdycky-vsechno-zkazim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/?p=38","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d v\u017edycky v\u0161echno zkaz\u00edm?"},"content":{"rendered":"

(aneb m\u016fj v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek o nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010cernob\u00edl\u00e1 ko\u010dka na gau\u010di se prot\u00e1hla a pomalu si za\u010dala olizovat tlapku. N\u00e1hle zpozorn\u011bla \u2013 klaply dve\u0159e. Podle d\u011btsk\u00fdch hl\u00e1sk\u016f poznala, \u017ee se vr\u00e1tili jej\u00ed mal\u00ed trapi\u010di. Nepohnula se ale, z\u016fstala d\u00e1l le\u017eet na gau\u010di, jen se trochu p\u0159ikr\u010dila. Vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed d\u011bti vb\u011bhly do kuchyn\u011b a p\u0159i pohledu ko\u010dku zaj\u00e1saly. Men\u0161\u00ed chlapec ji hned zalehl a za\u010dal ji k sob\u011b tisknout. To ov\u0161em nedalo tomu star\u0161\u00edmu a hned se do bratra pustil. Za\u010dali se o zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tko p\u0159etahovat a p\u0159itom v\u0159\u00edskali, a\u017e u\u0161i zal\u00e9hali. Ko\u010dka jen semtam m\u0148oukla, kdy\u017e to moc bolelo, ale ani ji nenapadlo zjednat si respekt seknut\u00edm dr\u00e1pku nebo kousnut\u00edm. Chlapce to na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed brzy p\u0159estalo bavit a odkr\u00e1\u010deli za jinou z\u00e1bavou.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d ko\u010dka nepou\u017eila sv\u00fdch dr\u00e1pku a zub\u016f k osvobozen\u00ed, pro\u010d neutekla? Zd\u00e1 se v\u00e1m, \u017ee tohle nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e by si nenechalo podobn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed libit? A co \u010dlov\u011bk? Nemluvme rovnou o n\u00e1sil\u00ed a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed, o to ne\u0161lo ani v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 ko\u010di\u010dky, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o situac\u00edch, kdy jsme utla\u010dovan\u00e9, opom\u00edjen\u00e9 nebo opakovan\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 do nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch \u010di psychicky traumatizuj\u00edc\u00edch situac\u00ed. Skute\u010dn\u011b se v\u017edy nem\u016f\u017eeme br\u00e1nit, anebo jenom nechceme?<\/p>\n

R\u00e1da bych v\u00e1m p\u0159edstavila psychologick\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00fd se v\u00fdmluvn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201cnau\u010den\u00e1 bezmocnost\u201d. Byl objeven a dob\u0159e pops\u00e1n u zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale objevuje se i u \u010dlov\u011bka. Nau\u010den\u00e1 bezmocnost je d\u016fsledkem opakovan\u00fdch situac\u00ed, v nich\u017e jedinec je vystaven nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9mu podn\u011btu, bolesti nebo ohro\u017een\u00ed bez mo\u017enosti se br\u00e1nit. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, ocit\u00e1me-li se opakovan\u011b v situac\u00edch (zpravidla nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch), v nich\u017e m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee je nejsme schopni jakkoli ovliv\u0148ovat a kontrolovat, m\u00e1me tendenci rezignovat a propadnout pasivit\u011b. Tento pocit a model chov\u00e1n\u00ed si potom p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00edme i do dal\u0161\u00edch situac\u00ed a komplikuje nebo dokonce znemo\u017e\u0148uje dosa\u017een\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli c\u00edle a vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli probl\u00e9mu, a\u0165 n\u00e1s tr\u00e1p\u00ed sebev\u00edc. Nem\u016f\u017eeme-li toti\u017e n\u011bco zm\u011bnit a v n\u011b\u010dem usp\u011bt, je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 na to pl\u00fdtvat silami a energi\u00ed. Dobr\u00e9 rozpolo\u017een\u00ed a sebed\u016fv\u011bru n\u00e1m samoz\u0159ejm\u011b takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159id\u00e1 a ocit\u00e1me se v za\u010darovan\u00e9m kruhu.<\/p>\n

\n

Pod\u00edvejme se bl\u00ed\u017ee na p\u0159edpoklad, kter\u00fd je pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd. Je j\u00edm onen pocit, \u017ee nejsme schopni situaci ovlivnit. Je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci jsou k nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00ed. Zn\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edpady lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se nevzd\u00e1vali ani tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 zoufal\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se v\u0161em ostatn\u00edm zd\u00e1ly bezv\u00fdchodn\u00e9 (nap\u0159. hrdinsk\u00e9 skutky n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed v koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1borech). Naproti tomu jist\u011b i ze sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed zn\u00e1me jin\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se od sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle nechaj\u00ed odradit \u010d\u00edmkoli, \u0161patn\u00fdm vysp\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010d\u00ednaje a k\u0159iv\u00fdm pohledem souseda kon\u010de.<\/p>\n

\"IZd\u00e1 se, \u017ee mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na n\u00e1s maj\u00ed ne objektivn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, tedy zda je situace objektivn\u011b bezv\u00fdchodn\u00e1, ale n\u00e1\u0161 (v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1l\u00fd) zp\u016fsob, jimi\u017e tyto situace vyhodnocujeme. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, kde hled\u00e1me p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny na\u0161ich \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, ale i selh\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00e1me v z\u00e1sad\u011b dv\u011b mo\u017enosti. Bu\u010fto p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu hled\u00e1me ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, „my za situaci nem\u016f\u017eeme, nastala n\u00e1hodou, \u0161patnou (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu naopak dobrou) konstelac\u00ed hv\u011bzd“, apod. Anebo v\u0161e bereme na sebe, jen my sami, na\u0161e schopnosti, motivace, moment\u00e1ln\u00ed stav, atd. n\u00e1s do t\u00e9to situace dostaly. Nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uhodnout, \u017ee pro na\u0161e sebev\u011bdom\u00ed, du\u0161evn\u00ed stabilitu a pocit spokojenosti je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nach\u00e1zet p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f v n\u00e1s a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f v na\u0161em okol\u00ed. Nejde to tak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u011blat v\u017edy, ale n\u011bkdy to ne\u0161kod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Asi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011b je vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kombinuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed i vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy jak u \u00fasp\u011bchu, tak u selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m pro na\u0161i osobnost nast\u00e1v\u00e1, vol\u00edme-li ten nejne\u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob explanace, tedy nach\u00e1z\u00edme-li p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny na\u0161ich \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f v okol\u00ed a nezdar\u016f v sob\u011b. M\u00e1me-li pocit, \u017ee my jsme ti, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zavinit leda ne\u00fasp\u011bch a jen \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm osudu se n\u00e1m sem tam n\u011bco povede, jsme na nejlep\u0161\u00ed cest\u011b ke stavu nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti (pro\u010d se sna\u017eit, kdy\u017e stejn\u011b neusp\u011bjeme) a mo\u017en\u00e1 se vesele \u0159\u00edt\u00edme i do deprese. Deprese ostatn\u011b s nau\u010denou bezmocnost\u00ed tak trochu souvis\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Explana\u010dn\u00ed styl (tj. zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm zd\u016fvod\u0148ujeme sv\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy a ne\u00fasp\u011bchy, viz v\u00fd\u0161e) je zalo\u017een u\u017e v\u00fdchovou a souvis\u00ed s na\u0161imi ostatn\u00edmi psychologick\u00fdmi charakteristikami, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sebev\u011bdom\u00edm. Dost dob\u0159e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 se pova\u017eovat za bezmocn\u00e9ho a neschopn\u00e9ho a z\u016fstat p\u0159itom spokojen\u00fd a vyrovnan\u00fd. Nau\u010den\u00e1 bezmocnost s sebou tud\u00ed\u017e nese i pocity deprese, beznad\u011bje a zbyte\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Ko\u0159eny nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti tkv\u00ed v d\u011btstv\u00ed. Opakovan\u00e9 rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky typu „nesahej na to, nebo si ubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed\u0161“ nebo „ty stejn\u011b v\u017edycky v\u0161echno zkaz\u00ed\u0161“, snadno v \u010dlov\u011bku vzbud\u00ed pocit, \u017ee je budi\u017ekni\u010demu a \u017ee se rad\u011bji ani sna\u017eit nem\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve v d\u011btstv\u00ed se je \u010dlov\u011bk dozv\u00edd\u00e1 a \u010d\u00edm jsou rodi\u010de d\u016fsledn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko je, \u017ee sem\u00ednko nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti je zaseto. D\u00edt\u011b se za\u010dne vinit za sv\u00e9 ne\u00fasp\u011bchy, dostane se do stresu, ne\u00fasp\u011bchy se stup\u0148uj\u00ed a pot\u00ed\u017ee nabaluj\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na puberta je zat\u011b\u017ek\u00e1vac\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Z takto rozjet\u00e9ho vlaku se velmi t\u011b\u017eko vystupuje, zpravidla je k tomu zapot\u0159eb\u00ed krom\u011b odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed i zku\u0161en\u00fd psychoterapeut. Na konci tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku by asi m\u011bl b\u00fdt apel na rodi\u010de. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se ale, \u017ee dnes ji\u017e snad v\u0161ichni rodi\u010de v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee nedostatek chv\u00e1ly, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 kritika, neocen\u011bn\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9 snahy, p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 n\u00e1roky a kritizov\u00e1n\u00ed osoby nam\u00edsto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u011bci (tedy t\u0159eba nam\u00edsto „ty jsi hrozn\u00fd kluk, stra\u0161n\u011b jsi m\u011b zklamal“ \u0159\u00edci rad\u011bji „tohle tvoje chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011b opravdu zklamalo“)… zkr\u00e1tka jak\u00e9koli „st\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed“ d\u00edt\u011bte by m\u011blo b\u00fdt ve v\u00fdchov\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed tabu, tak\u017ee si moralizov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1da odpust\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\"To<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy tu chv\u00e1lu ov\u0161em \u010dlov\u011bk ced\u00ed opravdu skrz za\u0165at\u00e9 zuby.:-)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(aneb m\u016fj v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek o nau\u010den\u00e9 bezmocnosti)<\/p>\n

\u010cernob\u00edl\u00e1 ko\u010dka na gau\u010di se prot\u00e1hla a pomalu si za\u010dala olizovat tlapku. N\u00e1hle zpozorn\u011bla \u2013 klaply dve\u0159e. Podle d\u011btsk\u00fdch hl\u00e1sk\u016f poznala, \u017ee se vr\u00e1tili jej\u00ed mal\u00ed trapi\u010di. Nepohnula se ale, z\u016fstala d\u00e1l le\u017eet na gau\u010di, jen se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-o-lidech","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions\/40"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lipinska.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}